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National Socialist Black Metal (abbreviated as N.S.B.M.) is a subgenre of Black Metal that through music, imagery, and lyrics expresses the thinking of National Socialism. According to Mattias Gardell, N.S.B.M. musicians see National-Socialism as "a logical extension of the political and spiritual dissidence inherent in Black Metal".〔Mattias Gardell, ''Gods of the Blood'' (2003), p.307〕 Bands who hold National-Socialist beliefs but do not express these in their music are not often deemed as 'N.S.B.M.' by the greater Black Metal scene, but may be labelled as such in the media.〔()〕 Some Black Metal bands have also made references to Nazi Germany purely for shock value, much like some punk rock and heavy metal bands. According to Christian Dornbusch and Hans-Peter Killguss, the writers of the book ''Unheilige Allianzen'', völkisch pagan metal and neo-Nazism are the current trends in the Black Metal scene, and in turn are affecting the broader metal scene.〔''Unheilige Allianzen'', p.290.〕 Mattias Gardell, however, sees N.S.B.M. artists as a minority within the Black Metal scene.〔 == History == In the 1980s, 'black Metal' referred to heavy metal bands with Satanic lyrics and imagery. In the early 1990s, the Norwegian black metal scene developed the style into a distinct genre. The scene members were fiercely anti-Christian and generally presented themselves as misanthropic Devil worshipers who wanted to spread hatred, sorrow and evil. However, some bands (who did not call themselves Black Metal because they were not Satanic) wrote about pre-Christian Scandinavia and it's folklore. In 1992, many members of the scene burnt down a number of churches. In August of the same year, Faust of Emperor killed a gay man who had propositioned him in Lillehammer. In August 1993, Varg Vikernes of Burzum killed fellow musician Øystein 'Euronymous' Aarseth – a well-known figure in the scene – and was arrested shortly after. Although his music has always been non-political, he began to express views similar to those of the N.S.B.M. scene in writings and interviews after his arrest. According to an interview in ''Blood & Honour'' magazine, he had gotten in touch with the neo-Nazi organization Zorn 88 (later called the National Socialist Movement of Norway) in 1992〔''Unheilige Allianzen'', p. 277.〕 and joined White Aryan Resistance before he killed Euronymous.〔(Berliner Zeitung article from 1996 )〕 Euronymous was a communist, but Vikernes denies killing him over ideology. While in prison, "Vikernes began to formulate his nationalist heathen ideology"〔Goodrick-Clarke, p. 204.〕 and wrote a manifesto called ''Vargsmål''. It became available on the internet for a while in 1996,〔''Lords of Chaos'', p. 159.〕 and in 1997 it was printed by a Norwegian publisher. Although the early Norwegian black metal scene did not express Nazi views, Vikernes later claimed that it had begun "as a nationalistic (Norwegian-centric), racist and anti-Christian revolt" but was "hijacked" by the "Jew-dominated music industry". He claims the industry made it into another tool with which to destroy Europe, by promoting bands who embraced "everything sick and anti-European on this planet, from porn and promiscuity to drugs and homosexuality".〔Vikernes, Varg. ("How to revolt in practise II )". Thulean Perspective. 7 March 2013.〕 Hendrik Möbus of Absurd called NSBM the "logical conclusion" of the Norwegian black metal "movement" and interpreted the church burnings as a "cultural atavism".〔 Vikernes wrote some lyrics for the album ''Transilvanian Hunger'' by Darkthrone, another key band in the Norwegian scene. It was released in 1994 with ''Norsk Arisk Black Metal'' ('Norwegian Aryan Black Metal') printed on the back cover. This caused much controversy, but Darkthrone offered an explanation and stated that they were "not a Nazi band nor a political band".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=MusicMight :: Artists :: Darkthrone )〕 At around this time, some other Norwegian black metallers made seemingly racist statements. Mayhem drummer Hellhammer said of the genre's links with fascism: "I'll put it this way, we don't like black people here. Black Metal is for white people".〔''Lords of Chaos'', p. 351.〕 However, in a later interview he said "I don't give a crap if the fans are white, black, green, yellow, or blue. For me music and politics don’t go hand in hand". Prominent Norwegian black metal vocalist Gaahl described "niggers" and "mulattoes" as "subhuman" and stated his support for Vikernes and Adolf Hitler. Gaahl was elected gay of the year 2010 in Bergen.〔(Interview with Gaahl )〕 However, he too has since distanced himself from these statements. According to the authors of ''Lords of Chaos'', in 1995, three Swedish black metallers (including Mika "Belfagor" Hakola of the band Nefandus) went on a "niggerhunt" in Linköping. Wielding an axe and two machetes, they "terrorized" a black man.〔''Lords of Chaos'', pp. 308–309.〕 Nefandus were later "considered to be Nazi sympathizers", though Belfagor explained: "This could not be further from the truth, but I guess this has to do with some of the controversial comments I made in various magazines in my youth, when I still aspired to play in the most hated band in the world. I used a lot of provocative language back then. But to sort things out: I associate with people of all creeds and colours. () So to be labeled a Nazi or a racist is very offensive to me".〔Terry Demeter: ''Ofermod''. ''Breath of the Dragon''. In: ''Unrestrained Magazine'', no. 39, p. 74.〕 That same year, German band Absurd released the demo ''Thuringian Pagan Madness''. It was recorded while the members were imprisoned for murdering a boy from their school. On the demo cover is a photograph of his gravestone and pro-Nazi statements.〔Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke: ''Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism, and the Politics of Identity''. NYU Press, 2003. p. 206.〕 After this, Absurd became one of the pioneers of NSBM. Other bands deemed to be part of the early NSBM scene include Graveland and Veles (from Poland), Hate Forest (from Ukraine) and Spear of Longinus and Waffenbrüder (from Australia). One of the first NSBM releases was the demo of the Polish band ''Lord of Evil'' from 1994, showing a deformed swastika as cover art;〔http://www.metal-archives.com/albums/Lord_of_Evil/Satan%27s_Soldiers/94496〕 this band was named as an influence for the Finnish group Satanic Warmaster on their old Myspace page. In the 1990s, some of the earliest American black metal bands—like Grand Belial's Key and Judas Iscariot—joined an international NSBM organization called the Pagan Front, although Judas Iscariot's sole member Akhenaten left the organization. Thelemnar, the drummer of German band Secrets of the Moon, said he got to know him "only as an intelligent person and never as a Nazi".〔Gunnar Sauermann: ''Special: Black Metal in den USA''. ''Schwarzes Amerika''. In: ''Metal Hammer'', August 2007, p. 88.〕 Vikernes has long-since distanced himself from the NSBM scene and, although he still holds Nationalist beliefs, he refers to himself as an "Odalist" rather than a National Socialist or fascist.〔(Varg Vikernes – A Burzum Story: Part VII – The Nazi Ghost )〕 Niklas Kvarforth was confronted by Swedish media reporters concerning original lead singer of Mayhem, Maniac, carving a swastika in his forehead during a Shining concert. After being asked if Shining is an NSBM band, Kvarforth has since replied to these accusations that "racism is stupid" and that "it doesn't matter if a person is black, white, or green, all people are equally worthless". He maintains that his misanthropic views are not affected by race or colour and that the swastika used during a previous performance by Maniac was for shock value. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「National Socialist black metal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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